沧州市部分小学生家长健康饮食知信行干预效果

School-based health education on healthy diet KAP intervention among students' parents in Cangzhou

目的了解以学校为基础的健康教育模式对学生家长健康饮食知信行干预的效果,为探讨学生家长营养健康教育的有效方法提供依据。方法分层整群抽取沧州市8所小学二到四年级学生家长为研究对象,随机分为干预组和对照组。干预组利用校讯通平台、微信公众号、微信群等媒介进行多种形式、全方位、高互动性干预,对照组不作干预。干预前后均采用问卷评估研究对象健康饮食知信行情况。结果干预后,干预组较对照组健康饮食知识、态度、行为得分分别由(9.23±3.16)(4.02±1.44)(22.67±3.97)分上升至(9.72±2.86)(4.21±1.30)(23.23±3.37)分(P值均<0.05)。干预组每天及经常不吃早餐、吃零食、吃煎炸食品、吃腌制食品等不健康饮食的频率由干预前的20.74%,39.96%,39.30%,51.53%下降至干预后的15.52%,32.82%,29.71%,43.90%(P值均<0.05)。结论学生家长健康饮食知识认知程度普遍较低,健康的饮食态度及行为有待提高和形成。以学校为基础的干预模式对于提高学生家长的健康饮食知信行得分效果显著。

Objective To evaluate a school-based health education intervention on healthy diet among students＂ parents, and to provide basis for education sectors and health care institutions. Methods Primary parents of students from grade 2 to grade 4 in 8 primary schools of Cangzhou were recruited and selected by stratified and cluster sampling. Parents were randomly divided into intervention and control group. Multimodal and highly interactive intervention through social media was implemented among intervention group including school newspaper, WeChat official account admin platform and WeChat group, while no intervention for the control group. Before and after intervention, questionnaire survey was delivered to evaluate healthy diet knowledge, attitude and practice among two groups. Results After intervention, healthy diet knowledge, attitude and practice scores in intervention group （9.23±3.16, 4.02±1.44, 22.67±3.97） were significantly higher than those in control group（9.72±2.86, 4.21±1.30, 23.23±3.37） （P〈0.05）. The rates of breakfast skip, snacks, fried and processed food consumption among intervention group decreased from 20.74%, 39.96%, 39.30%, 51.53% to 15.52%, 32.82%, 29.71%, 43.90%（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Parents of primary students in Cangzhou generally have low awareness of healthy diet knowledge, and attitude and practice towards healthy diet remains to be improved. School-based intervention with family as unit has promising effects improving healthy diet knowledge, attitude and practices among those population.