成年子女与老年父母间代际关系的类型

The Typology of Intergenerational Relations between Adult Children and Older Parents

随着我国社会经济文化的变迁,作为老人晚年生活质量重要评价指标的家庭代际关系正发生着变化;同时,受传统家庭孝文化的影响,我国家庭代际关系的模式可能与西方家庭文化背景下的代际关系模式有所区别。基于此,本研究借用代际团结理论的六大维度,利用中国老年社会追踪调查2012年试调查数据和探索性的潜变量模型,分析成年子女与老年父母间的代际关系类型。通过比较几大类别模型的拟合指标,本研究发现成年子女与老年父母之间的代际关系类型主要分为紧密型、奉养有间型、疏远型三类。其中,接近1/3的代际关系为紧密型,超过一半的样本属于奉养有间型,1/10为疏远型。与以往研究对比发现,紧密型和疏远型分别为我国家庭代际关系的主要模式和稀有模式。但与传统孝文化下的同住奉养代际关系模式相比,奉养有间型的出现表明我国的家庭代际关系模式正在发生着变化,成年子女与老年父母间的代际关系呈现出多样化的趋势。成年子女既要遵循孝敬老人的传统文化,又想保持隐私、独立和个性发展,因而与老人分开居住。相关部门应根据家庭代际关系的模式制定促进紧密型与减少疏远型的公共政策,采取措施弥补奉养有间型模式下家庭照料的不足。

As an important indicator of the quality of later life among older adults, family intergenerational relations is changing silently due to socio-eeonomic and cultural changes. Moreover, under the impact of traditional Chinese family culture of filial piety, the typology of intergenerational relations might be different with the typology based on the Western culture. Therefore, this paper utilized the six dimensions of intergenerational solidarity model to typology of intergenerational relations between adult children and older parents by using the 2012 pilot survey of China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey and the exploratory latent class model. After comparing the fitting indexes of models for several categories, we found that the types of intergenerational relationships between adult children and older parents were mainly divided into three categories, including （a） tight-knit, （h） support but distant, （e） detached. One third of the relationships is support but distant, more than half of them are tight-knit and one tenth are detached. Comparing with the previous studies, we found that the tight-knit and the detached are still the primary and least mode of inter- generational relationship in China. However, when comparing with the ＂support and live together＂ mode under the traditional culture of filial piety, the support but distant mode shows that the intergenerational relations are changing and there are some emerging types. It might be caused by that the aduh children want to be in line with filial piety to support the older adults, and want to live apart from older parent in keeping dependent, personality development and privacy at the same time. Related government should make some public policies in promoting the tight-knit mode and crippling the detached mode, take some measures to support the caring work which would be short in the support but distant.