论阿多诺音乐社会学的艺术自律观

Art Autonomy View in Arnold's Music Sociology

阿多诺提出了艺术(音乐)的自律性问题,即技术的"形式"决定程序、原则、组织结构、文(语)法;所谓艺术的"先进形式"即自觉自足的艺术,有艺术生命的艺术(是保持着一种正常的与社会的有机联系)的一种艺术形式(这形式是足以成为优秀艺术的一切程式规则的总和)。阿多诺所说的艺术"先进形式"如同艺术品的构造素,它是统领形式与内容的最高形式——艺术之道。因此,充满艺术生命力,又充满艺术魅力的、自律的,有内在规定性的艺术品,才是历史生活中的精神力量,是不朽的、超越的、强大有力的。同时,艺术批判是艺术生命内核的一种天然倾向,一种自律的天然本性。艺术自律拒绝社会的干涉,是社会中独立的力量;音乐是一个自给自足的整体,其高级特质在于精神性以及形式内在性与自律性形成的机制。阿多诺在艺术本质的研究上提出了人类学的内在尺度、内在程序、内在规定性的"类"特性的研究视野,值得借鉴和思考。

In his various art theory works, Arnold proposed that the advanced form of music refers that music is a self - sufficient art, and an art full of vitality maintaining a relation with the society. The advanced form is the highest Tao guiding the form and content of artworks. Only those artworks that are full of charm and vitality will become an eter- nal, powerful, and superior, and will enrich people＇ s mind. In this paper, I point out that art autonomy is an inde- pendent power that rejects social interference. Music is a self - sufficient entity, and its advanced peculiarity lies in its spirituality, form internality, and autonomy. Profoundly impacted by Marx, Arnold proposed the inner measure, procedure, and regularity of anthropology based upon the research of art essence.