共情能力和熟悉性与精神疾病歧视的相关性研究

Study of the correlation between empathy and familiarity and discrimination against mental illness

目的:探讨民众的共情能力和熟悉性在降低精神疾病歧视中的作用及相互关系。方法:采用中文版人际反应指针量表(IRI-C)和歧视精神疾病评估量表对普通民众进行网上调查。采用SPSS17.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果:熟悉度和精神疾病歧视的关系呈倒"U"形分布,对精神疾病有中等熟悉度的个体歧视程度最高(F=11.32,P=0.000)。在低、中熟悉度组中精神疾病歧视程度随个体的共情能力提高而提高(r=0.45,0.16;P=0.020,0.022);高熟悉组中则相反,歧视程度随个体共情升高而降低(r=-0.47,P=0.010)。回归分析发现,不同熟悉性群体中歧视受共情的不同因子影响:在低、中熟悉度组中,精神疾病歧视受到共情能力中个人痛苦因子的影响,个人痛苦越高歧视越高(Beta=0.44,0.36;P=0.026,0.000);在高熟悉度群体中,则受到共情关心因子的影响,共情关心越高歧视越低(Beta=-0.68,P=0.000)。结论:精神疾病歧视同时受到熟悉程度和共情能力的影响,在降低歧视的干预措施中应同时考虑这两个因素。

Objective： To examine the role of empathy and familiarity in reducing discrimination against mental illness and the interrelationship between the three parameters. Methods： The public was surveyed online using the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index-C （IRI-C） and mental illness discrimination questionnaires. The collected data were then statistically analyzed using the SPSS17.0 software. Results： The relationship between familiarity and mental illness discrimination had an inverse ＂U＂ distribution, and discrimination against mental illness was highest among individuals with moderate familiarity （F = 11.32, P = 0.000）. Furthermore, discrimination against mental illness was increased as the level of empathy increased among individuals with low or moderate familiarity （r = 0.45,0.16, P = 0.020,0.022）. In contrast, discrimination against mental illness was reduced as empathy increased among individuals with high familiarity （r = -0.47, P = 0.010）. Regression analysis showed that discrimination was influenced by various empathic factors among individuals with different levels of familiarity. In the low and moderate familiarity groups, discrimination against mental illness was influenced by the personal distress （PD） factor such that discrimination was increased as PD increased （Beta = 0.44 and 0.36, P = 0.026 and 0.000）. In the high familiarity group, discrimination was influenced by the empathic concern （EC） factor such that discrimination was reduced as EC increased （Beta = -0.68, P = 0.000）. Conclusions： Discrimination against mental illness is influenced by both the levels of familiarity and empathy. Therefore, both factors should be considered when taking intervention measures for reducing discrimination.