腾冲北海湿地鱼类资源现状调查

Investigation of Fish Resources in Beihai Wetland in Tengchong,Yunnan Province

【目的】通过调查腾冲北海湿地鱼类资源现状及资源利用情况,填补北海湿地鱼类资源研究空白,探索维持北海湿地社会—生态系统(SES)可持续性的途径。【方法】2015年12月、2016年4—5月、7—8月,采用野外调查及民族生态学访谈等方法,对北海湿地鱼类种类、渔获数量及渔业活动发展与管理进行统计,结合Ostrom公共池塘资源理论对北海湿地鱼类资源与利用进行分析。【结果】(1)记录湿地鱼类13种,隶属于4目5科12属。泥鳅、褐栉鰕虎鱼、麦穗鱼为主要鱼类优势种。(2)由于水体面积变化、生境破坏、捕鱼行为改变、捕鱼数量增加,鱼类资源显著减少。【结论】当地鱼类资源结构单一,抗风险能力弱,可持续性不高。当地居民应转变观念、改变捕鱼模式,当地政府可让社区居民参与湿地共同管理,以应对资源困境,维持鱼类资源可持续性。

[ Purposes ] The study of fish resources in Beihai Wetland is still a blank. Based on the investigation of the status of fish resources and their utilization, the method and approach was explored that can improve the sustainability of Beihai Wetland Social Ecological System （SES）. [ Methods] In this study, a statistical analysis of the species and the numbers of fish catch and the history of local fishery was made by field studies and ethnoecological studies through Dec. 2015 and Apr. to May and Jul. to Aug. 2016. And the fish resources and their utilization in Beihai Wetland were analyzed by u- sing the theory of common-pool resources of Ostrom. [ Results] （1） There were 13 species of 12 gen- era, 5 families and 4 orders. Pseudorasbora parva, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Ctenogobius brun-neus were relatively dominant in the fish community with the economical species. （2） There was a sig- nificant reduction in fish resources caused by changes in water area, habitat destruction, fishing behav- ior change and the increase of fish catch. [ Conclusion ] The findings suggest that the local fish re- sources structure was too simple to against seriously risks with a low-level sustainability of the SES. Under the help of the local government, the local fishers should change their concepts and fishing pat- terns to build a community-based wetland governance with the government in increasing the sustainable use of fish resources.