饮用水中卤乙腈(HANs)类消毒副产物研究现状与进展

Research review on the progress of haloacetonitriles (HANs ) in drinking water

对国内外饮用水中HANs类消毒副产物检测方法、生成的影响因素及毒理学试验的研究进展与现状进行了调查和分析,探讨了其存在于饮用水中可能导致的人体健康危害。结果表明,饮用水中HANs类消毒副产物普遍存在,而且HANs消毒副产物比常规消毒副产物(三卤甲烷、卤乙酸等)具有更强的三致效应、生殖发育毒性、基因和细胞毒性,通过饮水摄入人体,对健康造成潜在危害。HANs的检测、人体健康风险评价和控制是今后的研究重点。

This paper aims to present a research progress review on the haloacetonitriles（ short for HANs） in the drinking water in hoping to make an exploration of the future research orientations in the way. For the said purpose,we have made a discussion for the detection methods,the influential factors,the toxicology experiments so as to identify and determine the human health hazards faced by the HANs disinfection by-products in the drinking water. At the same time,more attention has also been given to the changes of the disinfection process and the emerging disinfection by-products（ DBPs）. As we know,the research situation insitu about HANs,including the detection methods,the influential factors and the toxicity tests are still remaining at the beginning stage. In spite of this,the research in this way has already become one of the latest growing focuses all over the world with the development of the drinking water disinfection process study. Particularly speaking,there exists a great need to investigate the new detection method and the effects of p H,precursors,the techniques and other factors concerned on the increase of HANs productions,in addition to the harmful exposure to human living conditions in HANs. What is more,we have also made a summary of the harmful effects of HANs on the other organisms,including the mutagenesis,the carcinogenesis,the teratoeenesis,the reproductive and developmental toxicity,as well as the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. It can be found from the research results both of home and abroad that,the concentration of HANs has been detected from the drinking water at about the same level,yet,they have stronger effects of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than the conventional disinfection byproducts. For example,the concentration of HANs in the city of Lianyungang,Jiangsou,has been found below 1. 78 μg/L,which is similar to other places and countries,e. g. Canada（ 0. 13-1. 8 μg/L）. Therefore,it should never be ignored that it is a common problem of environmental pollution and contamination in the world to deal with the consequence of the higher content concentration rate of HANs in the drinking water,with their cytotoxicity of HANs being respectively about 923,116,92 and 34 times than those of trihalomethanes（ THMs）,HALOACETIC ACids（ HAAs）,iodo-trihalomethane（ I-THMs）,and halonitromethanes（ HNMs）,correspondingly. Thus,it can be concluded that human health has been now adversely affected due to the consumption of the unhealthy drinking water containing high concentrations of toxic chemicals. Seeing the situation,the central government and the other authoritative organizations concerned are supposed to take necessary regulations and effective measures to change the ever growing trend of the pollution problem. After all,there is still a long way to go before making the drinking water safe and secure or daily living in the future.