地面空调车调控下的飞机座舱热环境试验

In-situ measurement of the thermal environment in the aircraft cabin influenced by the ground air conditioning cart system

为使冬季机舱内的空气温度达到登机要求,一般采用飞机地面空调车对机舱空气进行加温。采用试验的方法研究MD-82飞机机舱加温过程中机舱热环境的变化,采用两种方式控制地面空调车的送风温度,研究了不同控制方式对机舱热环境的影响。结果表明:冬季加热工况下机舱壁面边界温度和机舱空气温度存在明显的温度分层现象;加热一段时间后,与控制送风温度的方式相比,采用舱温控制的方式时机舱内空气的垂直温差更小。因此,若需要实现机舱环境的快速加热,宜采用控制送风温度的方式(M1)对机舱温度进行调控;若对机舱内热舒适要求较高,则建议采用控制机舱内空气温度的方式(M2)对机舱温度进行调控。

This paper aims to present the measurement of the thermal environment in the commercial aircraft cabin by the control of the ground air conditioning（ GAC） systems. When an airplane is parked in the airport in a cold winter morning for a long period,the air temperature in cabin will be low and difficult to meet the passengers＇ thermal comfort. The GAC systems are normally applied to supply the warm air to the cabin to maintain the cabin temperature. In order to know exactly how the thermal conditions changes in cabin by the GAC systems,we run an in-situ experiment in the cabin of a MD-82 aircraft. In the experiment,the thermal environment of the aircraft first-class cabin was automatically controlled by the PID controllers,in which the control signals were determined by the sensor feedback signals. In order to know how the feedback sensor locations work on the thermal environment,we compared two locations respectively in the supply air（ M1） and in the cabin（ M2）. The measurement shows that the thermal field in cabin presented significant temperature stratifications either by M1 or M2,while generally M2 presented smaller temperature stratification than M1. The stratification was not obvious in the start five minutes of the heating but rapidly grew afterwards. The cabin air temperatures at different vertical positions became stable 30 minutes by M1 and 60 minutes by M2,indicated M1 can achieve faster temperature rise than M2,but slower fulfillment of passengers＇ thermal comfort. Therefore,the choice of feedback sensor locations should be determined according to the requirement of the cabin thermal environment.