新型农业经营主体与普通农户之间资源流动关系分析——以湖北省宜昌为例

ANALYSIS ON THE RESOURCES FLOW RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NEW AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT MAIN BODY AND THE ORDINARY PEASANT HOUSEHOLD——TAKING YICHANG HUBEI AS AN EXAMPLE

[目的]通过研究新型农业经营主体与普通农户之间资源流动的关系,为发挥新主体的规模优势、提高普通农户的生产效率提供依据。[方法]以湖北省宜昌市农业生产过程为研究对象,参照普罗塔和贝雷斯福德构建的多元关系网络,立足于生产关系角度,建构两主体之间土地、劳动力等重要生产、生活资源的流动关系。[结果](1)宜昌市随着从事家庭经营的人数的缓慢下降第一产业的劳动力呈现下降趋势,合作社和家庭农场得到了较大发展,部分地区的特色农业得到了发展;(2)宜昌市流转土地面积占总耕地面积的比例为5%~15%,平均比例为8%左右,涉及土地流转的农户数约占总农户数的26%。[结论]新主体兴起之下普通农户的相对地位下降,生产积极性不足,面临着高交易成本、高市场风险和低生产效率的困境;逐年增加的抛荒土地减少了实际土地耕种面积,在土地流转的推动下土地资源更多地流向了新主体,普通农户的土地细碎化更严重;农村劳动力资源在城镇化的发展之下快速流进城市,普通农户逐渐成为土地资源的提供者。

With thepromotion of Chinese agricultural scale economy and land circulation,new agricultural business entities were fast developed. The rise of the new main body has brought the opportunity for the ordinary peasant household,and has put forward the new request to our country common peasant household＇ s production way. This paper studied the relationships between ordinary farmers and new agricultural business entitiesin Yichang city Hubei province,according to multi-relationsnetwork developed by Prota and Beresfrod. The study found thatthe agricultural scale production becomedominant. The large new agricultural business entitiesdecreasedthe relative position of ordinary farmers,and theproduction enthusiasmof ordinary farmersincreased year by year; the abandoned land reduced actual land acreage and promoted land circulation. Because of thedecline of the agricultural labor quality,the ordinary farmerbecame a resource provider. Finally,some suggestions were put forward,sujch as promoting land moderate scale operation,training the management of cooperatives farmers,changing the ordinary farmers backward production methods and ideas; constantly improving the new subject operating system,and optimizing the allocation of resources.