黑龙江省农业转移人口的就业情况调查研究

Investigation on Employment Situation of Agricultural Transfer Population in Heilongjiang Province

大规模的农民工进城务工,既是市场经济推动的结果,也是我国农村剩余劳动力转移的有效途径,符合世界劳动迁移理论和规律。解决农村剩余劳动力的出路问题,是中国现代化进程中面临的一个极富挑战性的难题。黑龙江省作为农业大省,农村劳动力转移问题更为突出。十八大报告提出推动实现更高质量的就业,要引导劳动者转变就业观念,鼓励多渠道、多形式就业,促进创业、带动就业,做好以高校毕业生为重点的青年就业工作和农村转移劳动力等就业工作。而随着劳动力市场竞争的日趋激烈,作为城市快速发展中的重要人力资源的农民工,其就业能力的高低也引起了社会各界的广泛关注。各种"民工潮"和"民工荒"从不同程度上反映出农民工群体就业能力弱化和就业结构过于单一的现状。我国2010年出台的中央一号文件明确提出"要采取有针对性的措施,着力解决新生代农民工的就业问题",而解决新生代农民工就业问题的关键在于提升其就业能力。新生代农民工就业能力的提升,不仅是其实现职业向上流动和快速融入城市社会的关键因素,而且对推进我国城镇化进程与农业转移人口市民化具有重要意义。随着城镇化速度的逐渐加快以及农业生产率的不断提高,农业转移人口的数量越来越多。这一部分群体在城市中的生存状况决定了我国城镇化的质量,对于我国全面建成小康社会具有重大而深远的意义。

Large - scale migrant workers are not only the result of market economy, but also the effective way of rural surplus labor transfer in China, which is in line with the world labor migration theory and law. The solution to the problem of rural surplus labor is a challenging problem in Chinag modernization process. In Heilongjiang Province, a large agricultural province, rural labor transfer problem is more prominent. The 18th national congress of the communist party of China reports put forward that, to promote the realization of higher quality of employment, we must guide workers to change their concept of employment, to encourage multi - channel, multi- form employment, to promote entrepreneurship, and to promote employment. At the same time, we have to do a good job of youth employment and rural labor transfer and other employment work with the focus on college graduates. With the increasingly fierce competition in the labor market, migrant workers, as the city＇s rapidly developing important human resources, whose ability to be employed has aroused wide- spread concern. A variety of ＂migrant workers tide＂ and ＂migrant workers shortage＂ , to varying degrees, reflected the weakening of the employment capacity of migrant workers and that employment structure is too simple. No. 1 document from the national central government, clearly puts forward that we should ＂take targeted measures to focus on the employment problem of the new generation of migrant workers＂, and that solving the new generation of migrant workers employment is the key to enhance their employment ability. The promotion of the new generation of migrant workers＇employment ability is not only a key factor to realize the professional mobility and rapid integration into the urban society, but also be of great significance to promote the process of urbanization in China. With the gradual acceleration of urbanization and the continuous improvement of agricultural productivity, the number of agricultural population is increasing. The existence condition of this group in the city determines the quality of China~ urbanization, which has far - reaching significance for our country to build a well - off society.