论科马克·麦卡锡小说《沙崔》中的叙述聚焦

On the Narrative Focalization of Cormac McCarthy's Suttree

《沙崔》是美国当代著名作家科马克·麦卡锡的第四部长篇小说,也是作家最后一部南方题材小说,带有鲜明的自传色彩,具有很高的研究价值。运用叙述聚焦理论对这部小说进行相关的文本分析后可以发现,麦卡锡在这部小说中同时采用了外聚焦、内聚焦和零聚焦三种叙述聚焦方式。外聚焦叙述给小说阅读带来阐释的趣味,能够带动读者的阅读积极性;内聚焦帮助读者把握到主人公语言与行动之外更加隐秘的内心精神活动;零聚焦则通过全景式描绘给读者提供解读文本意蕴的丰富信息。三种叙述聚焦的交叉,是麦卡锡在《沙崔》这部作家生涯的承上启下之作中取得独特艺术效果的最大奥秘所在。

Suttree is the fourth and the last southern novel by Cormac McCarthy, a well-known American novelist. It is both semi-autobiographical and academically valuable. According to the textual analysis of this fiction by related narrative theories, the narrator simultaneously uses three different kinds of narrative focalizations as below： the external focalization brings the enthusiasm of interpreting to readers; the internal focalization helps readers to understand mental activities of the protagonist; the zero focalization provides information of the whole text through a panoramic narration. Overall, The cross connection between three focalizations is the key to unscramble the unique artistic effect ofSuttree, a McCarthy＇s pivot work in his writing career.