GLP-1受体激动剂对2型糖尿病患者血管病变影响的研究进展

Research progress of effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2型糖尿病(T2DM)是动脉粥样硬化疾病主要危险因素,因此防治糖尿病血管病变是糖尿病患者除了降糖外另一重要目的。外源性胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)或GLP-1受体激动剂是一种新型降糖药,其降糖作用已经非常明确,主要是通过与GLP-1受体相结合,从而促进胰岛素分泌来降低血糖。近年来国内外各种研究发现,GLP-1受体激动剂还具有心血管保护作用,其机制可能是通过改善血管内皮细胞功能、抗氧化应激、降低血压、血脂、抑制心肌细胞凋亡等来实现的。GLP-1受体激动剂能否以及是如何改善T2DM患者血管并发症发生发展,仍需要长期大量的研究证实。

Type 2 diabetes is a major risk factor of atherosclerotic disease. Thus, the prevention and treatment of diabetic vascular lesions is another important purpose in addition to hypoglycemic for diabetes patients. Exogenous administration of glucagon-like peptide-1（GLP-1） or GLP-1 receptor agonist is a new kind of antidiabetic drugs, its hypoglycemic effect has been very clear, mainly through the combination with GLP-1 receptors, thereby promoting insulin secretion to reduce blood glucose. In recent years, domestic and foreign studies have found that GLP-1 receptor agonists also have cardiovascular protection. The mechanism may be achieved by improving the function of vascular endothelial cells, antioxidant stress, lowering blood pressure, lowering blood lipid, inhibiting the apoptosis of myocardial cells and so on. However, whether GLP-1 receptor agonists can improve the development of vascular complications in patients with T2DM remains to be confirmed for a long time.