正念训练干预在失眠症患者中的应用

Application of mindfulness training intervention in patients with insomnia

失眠症是最常见的睡眠障碍性疾病,严重的失眠症状会影响患者的情绪状态,降低生活质量,目前的治疗方法主要有药物治疗、中医治疗和认知行为疗法,正念训练是认知行为疗法中的一类,该疗法是一种基于正念而来的心理干预方法,强调接纳和不评价,主要包括目的、注意力和态度三个方面。本文就正念的概念与正念训练的分类、正念训练的机制与模型以及正念训练干预在不同原因所致的失眠症患者中的应用进行总结,主要包含有三大类原因所致的失眠症:器质性疾病、精神因素和原发性慢性失眠症。在器质性疾病所致失眠症患者中,本文概述了癌症、高血压和部分术后伴失眠患者中的应用,发现正念训练可以改善患者的认知和思维模式,提高患者的睡眠质量,降低术后患者的疼痛程度。在精神因素所致失眠症患者中,本文总结了抑郁、焦虑、心理性、职业倦怠等因素伴失眠患者中的应用,发现正念训练能增强个体的积极情绪,减少知觉压力,增加总体睡眠时间,提高患者的睡眠效率,改善睡眠质量。在原发性失眠症患者中的应用中,本文总结出正念训练使患者保持平和的心态去接受当下发生的事情,从而减少了失眠症患者的平均入睡时间,改善了失眠症患者的睡眠质量,且有较好的远期疗效。在今后的优质护理服务中,护理工作者需要更多的关注患者的失眠问题,并正确有效的使用正念训练的方法,以提高失眠症患者的睡眠质量。

Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder,which may affect the patients＇ emotional state and quality of life. The current treatment methods mainly include pharmacotherapy, Chinese traditional treatment and cognitive behavior therapy. Mindfulness training is the category in cognitive behavior therapy which is a kind of psychological intervention method and based on mindfulness. This type of therapy emphasized acceptance and no comments, and mainly contained three aspects：purpose, awareness and attitude. This article summarized the concept and classification of mindfulness training, mindfulness training mechanism and model, and intervention in patients with insomnia caused by different reasons, mainly covered three types：physical diseases, mental factors and primary chronic insomnia. In patients with insomnia caused by physical diseases, this article summarized the application of cancer, hypertension and part of the postoperative patients, which found that mindfulness training may improve the patients＇ cognitive and thinking mode, enhance sleep quality, reduce the postoperative pain intensity of patients. In patients with insomnia caused by mental factors, this paper summarized the application of depression, anxiety, psychological and occupational burnout, which found that mindfulness training may enhance individual＇ s positive emotions, reduce perceived stress,increase total sleep time and efficiency of patients, finally improve sleep quality. In the application of primary chronic insomnia, it＇ s concluded that mindfulness training keep patients with peaceful attitude to accept what happened now, thus reduce the average sleep time, improve sleep quality and has good long-term curative effect. In the future nursing service, the nursing workers need to pay more attention to the patients of insomnia and effectively use right mindfulness training method,in order to improve sleep quality of patients with insomnia.