燕麦种质抗坚黑穗病鉴定与评价

Evaluation and Identification of Oat Germplasm Resistance to Ustilago segetum var.avenae

为明确不同燕麦种质抗坚黑穗病(Ustilago segetum var.avenae)的差异和探讨形成燕麦抗坚黑穗病鉴定技术规范,于2013-2014年采用菌粉拌种和菌土覆盖的接种方法对135份燕麦种质进行坚黑穗病的田间抗性鉴定,结果表明,在菌粉拌种条件下,64份裸燕麦中,12份免疫,6份高抗,1份抗,19份中感,16份感,10份高感,分别占鉴定裸燕麦的18.8%,9.4%,1.6%,29.7%,25.0%,15.6%;71份皮燕麦中,45份免疫,22份高抗,2份抗,2份中感,分别占鉴定皮燕麦的63.4%,31.0%,2.8%,2.8%。在菌土覆盖条件下,64份裸燕麦中,17份免疫,8份高抗,13份抗,22份中感,3份感,1份高感,分别占鉴定裸燕麦的26.6%,12.5%,20.3%,34.4%,4.7%,1.6%;71份皮燕麦中,56份免疫,13份高抗,1份抗,1份中感,分别占鉴定皮燕麦的78.9%,18.3%,1.4%,1.4%;在2种接种方法下,62份材料抗性完全一致;10份材料在菌粉拌种接种方法的抗病性低于菌土覆盖的抗病性;菌粉拌种较菌土覆盖易使63个燕麦品种的发病率增加,使其抗病性下降,说明菌粉拌种接种方法明显优于菌土覆盖。试验中获得的这些有效抗病种质,可为品种的合理布局和更替提供科学依据,同时可为育种部门提供核心抗源。

The study aimed to confirm the difference of oat germplasm resources resistance to Ustilago segetum var.avenae and discuss to form evaluation rule of oat resistance to black covered smut.The resistance of 135 oat cultivars was assessed by seeds mixed with teliospores and seeds covered with soil mixed with teliospores under field conditions from 2013 to 2014.In seeds mixed with teliospores condition,the results showed that 12 cultivars were immune,6cultivars were highly resistant,1cultivar was resistant,19 cultivars were moderately susceptible,16 cultivars were susceptible,and 10 cultivars were highly susceptible,which accounted for 18.8%,9.4%,1.6%,29.7%,25.0%,and 15.6% of 64 naked oat cultivars,respectively;45cultivars were immune,22 cultivars were highly resistant,2cultivars were resistant,2cultivars were moderately susceptible,which accounted for 63.4%,31.0%,2.8%,2.8% of 71 hulled oat cultivars,respectively.In seeds covered with soil mixed with teliospores condition,17 cultivars were immune,8cultivars were highly resistant,13 cultivars were resistant,22 cultivars were moderately susceptible,3cultivars were susceptible,1cultivar was highly susceptible,which showed 26.6%,12.5%,20.3%,34.4%,4.7%,1.6%share of 64 naked oat cultivars,respectively;56cultivars were immune,13 cultivars were highly resistant,1cultivar was resistant,1cultivar was moderately susceptible,which showed 78.9%,18.3%,1.4%,1.4% of 71 hulled oat cultivars,respectively.It also showed that the re-sistances of 62 cultivars were consistent in two inoculation methods,10 cultivars were higher in seed covered with soil mixed with teliospores than in seed mixed with teliospores.Incidence of 63 cultivars was significantly increased and resistance was reduced in seed covered with soil mixed with teliospores.The result illustrated that the way of seeds mixed with teliospores was better than seeds covered with soil mixed with teliospores.Obtaining these effective resistance germplasm could provide core resistance source for breeding and cultivars of reasonable layout or replacement.