论我国生前预嘱的立法保护

On Legislative Protection of Living Will in China

生前预嘱允许人们通过提前签署相应文件对临终医疗护理进行选择,维护自身的尊严。尽管其目的不是强制性要求公民的应用,但在中国的发展仍处于探索阶段,且社会认可度较低,只有立法是其发展的前提和保障。在理清生前预嘱界定的基础上,借鉴先行国家的开展经验并结合中国的实践情况,以立法为基础,确立其实施主体,规范其实施要求,制定严谨的立嘱、鉴定、实施、撤销程序,保障患者的自主选择,为生前预嘱的法律建设提供参考,进而促进其在中国的发展和应用。

Living wills allow people to sign a consent form to choose terminal care service in advance, with aims of protecting patients＇ dignity.The application of living will, with a low-level social recognition, is in an exploratory stage in China.And only the legislation is the premise and guarantee of its development.Though clarifying the definition of living wills and learning from the experiences of leading countries, according to Chinese practical issues, this paper discussed the legislative protection of living will in China.It suggested that, based on the legislation, the legal subjects should be identified, the operation and procedures of making the will, identification, implementation and cancellation should be standardized, which are aiming to ensure the patients＇ autonomy and providing the legislative reference for the construction and development of hospice care in China.