基于学生弱项分析的有机化学教学建议

Organic Chemistry Teaching Suggestions Based on the Analysis in the Weakness of Students

基于高中化学必修5《有机化学基础》第一单元的学习内容,编写测试卷,包含有机物的命名、同分异构体辨析、定量计算、研究有机物的方法以及综合问题五个维度的题目.对北京市普通中学高二年级普通班级的160名学生进行测试调查,将测试卷回收,对每一份有效试卷进行分数统计,利用EXCEL软件统计分析学生不同维度题目的正确率,利用SPSS软件分析各维度成绩的相关性,并对学生暴露的弱项进行成因分析.研究显示:有机物的命名学生正确率最高,综合问题正确率最低;同分异构、研究方法对于综合问题的解决影响最大,定量计算的成绩与总分的相关性最大;学生弱项的成因分析,主要有缺乏严谨的态度和对知识的准确把握、提取信息解决问题的能力薄弱、缺少化学思维模式的建构等.基于此,笔者出三点教学建议:在教学中渗透科学方法,培养学生高位思考能力;加强实验探究,培养学生灵活解决问题的能力;加强基础,掌握复杂情境中解决问题的能力.

The test paper was compiled based on the content of senior high school chemistry compulsory 5 ＂ basic of organic chemistry＂, including nomenclature, isomer analysis, quantitative calculation, research method and synthesis problems. The investigation was carried out on 160 students in Beijing ordinary high school, the test papers were received and analyzed. The correct rate was analyzed with EXCEL and the correlation in above five dimensions was analyzed with SPSS software. Some suggestions about teaching of organic chemistry were proposed.