中国农村空巢老年人精神养老问题研究

A Study on the Spiritual Endowments of the Elderly in Rural Empty Nest in China

农村空巢老年人是伴随着城市化、人口老龄化以及家庭结构变迁而出现的新群体。由于受到家庭精神养老功能弱化、社区精神养老服务缺乏、老年人精神自养能力不足以及法律政策保障缺位等因素的影响,农村空巢老年人精神层面需求满足严重不足,精神养老问题日益凸显。全面解读了精神养老的内涵,并对农村空巢老年人的精神需求进行了深入剖析,从个人、家庭、社会、制度四个角度,对我国农村空巢老年人的精神养老现状进行评估,总结了影响农村空巢老年人精神养老保障的因素,提出了化解我国农村空巢老年人精神养老困境的建议。

As the increasing tendency of aging, urbanization and the nuclearization of family size, there is a huge aging population in China, which are rural empty nesters. However, spiritual endowments has become increasingly prominent as affected by the factors such as the weakness of family function of spiritual endowments, the lack of community-based care services of spiritual endowments, the insufficiency of self-spiritual endowments of the elderly, as well as the absence of the policy of laws and safeguards. This article comprehensively gives a definition of the connotation of spiritual endowments, makes an analysis of spiritual needs of rural empty nest elderly, and makes an effort to evaluate the mental pension of rural empty nest elderly from four perspectives including individual, family, social and institutional factors. This paper summarizes the factors that affect the rural empty nest elderly＇s mental old-age security, and puts forward some suggestions to solve the plight of rural empty nest elderly in our country.