广东省佛山市顺德区胎婴儿严重出生缺陷和轻微出生缺陷相关危险因素的比较研究

The risk factors of severe birth defects and mild birth defects of Guangdong province

目的 通过对严重出生缺陷和轻微出生缺陷胎儿相关危险因素进行分析和比较,从而有针对性地防止严重出生缺陷的发生.方法 以2016年佛山市顺德区的严重出生缺陷胎儿为病例1组（133例）,轻微出生缺陷胎儿为病例2组（583例）,以同末次月经产妇所生新生儿为对照组（571例）,收集其孕母相关信息,采用病例对照研究,通过χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析,分别找出严重出生缺陷和轻微出生缺陷的孕母相关危险因素,并进行比较.结果 孕母年龄在35岁以上（χ2=19.69,P〈0.01）及孕次在3次以上（χ2=10.06,P〈0.01）为严重出生缺陷的危险因素,双胎为轻微出生缺陷的危险因素（χ2=4.05,P〈0.05）;Logistic回归显示,孕母年龄在35岁以上为严重出生缺陷的独立危险因素（OR=2.75,P〈0.001）,双胎为轻微出生缺陷的独立危险因素（OR=2.22,P=0.05）.结论 严重出生缺陷和轻微出生缺陷的危险因素并不相同,高龄产妇的胎儿更容易发生严重的出生缺陷,在孕前优生及孕产期保健中尤应重视.

Objective To find out and compare the risk factors of the severe birth defects and mild birth defects,and make it more effective to prevent the severe birth defects.Methods Fetus diagnosed with severe birth defects in Shunde district,Foshan during 2016 were selected as case group 1,those who diagnosed with moderate/mild birth defects were selected as case group 2,and those healthy infants whose mother＇s last menstrual period was at the same time with the case groups were selected as control group.Their mothers＇ relative information was collected.A case-control study was conducted to analyze the risk factors of the two case groups respectively.We applied Chi-square analysis and multivariate Logistic regressions to find out the independent risk factors.Results Chi-square analysis showed that maternal age above 35 years（χ2=19.69,P〈0.01） and gravidity 3 times or more（χ2=10.06,P〈0.01） were the risk factors of severe birth defects,and twins was the risk factor of mild birth defects（χ2=4.05,P〈0.05）.The multivariate Logistic regressions showed that maternal age above 35 years was the independent risk factor of severe birth defects（OR=2.75,P〈0.001）,and twins was the independent risk factor of mild birth defects（OR=2.22,P=0.05）.Conclusion The women with age above 35 years have higher risk to pregnant a baby with severe birth defects and they are worthy of more attention during pre-pregnancy and antenatal examinations.