视神经脊髓炎诊断的发展历程与解读

Progress in neuromyelitis optica diagnosis

视神经脊髓炎(neuromyelitis optica,NMO)是一种中枢神经系统炎症性脱髓鞘性疾病,主要累及视神经和脊髓。近年来,越来越多的研究发现水通道蛋白4抗体(anti-aquaporin-4,AQP4-Ig G)在NMO的发病机制中起着重要的作用,证明了NMO是一种区别于多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)的独立疾病。随着人们在影像学、辅助检查、临床特点和病理机制等方面对NMO的认知有了飞速的发展,NMO的诊断标准也经过了数次修改,诊断标准的特异度和灵敏度都得到了提高。本文主要就NMO诊断标准的发展历程进行系统性的回顾。

Neuromyelitis optica（NMO）is an acute or subacute demyelinating disease of central nervous system involving the optic nerves and spinal. Increasing number of studies prove that anti-aquaporin-4 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of NMO,which differentiates NMO from multiple sclerosis. With the huge progress in understanding NMO in neurology,laboratory tests,clinical manifestation and pathology,diagnostic criteria of NMO was revised for increasing sensitivity and specificity. This review discusses the progress in diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica.