论实存与本质关系的历史性倒转——以《黑格尔法哲学批判》为重点

On the Historic Inversion of the Relationship Between Real Existence and Nature:with The Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right as Focus

《黑格尔法哲学批判》的创作是缘于马克思在《莱茵报》工作时所面临的思想困境,当马克思认识到自己所敬信的黑格尔关于理性国家观的本质与社会实存相矛盾时,他在研究国家的历史中对黑格尔法哲学的国家法进行了批驳。马克思在文本中把政治国家理念产生现实市民社会的不当关系倒转过来,在批驳中第一次真正实现了对传统形而上学哲学中存在与本质关系的颠覆与创新,最终得出抽象的政治国家决定于市民社会的独创性观点,并指出只有在市民社会的发展中实行超越资产阶级政治的"真正的民主制",才能克服市民社会与政治国家的现实矛盾而使二者达到同一。这一颠覆性的认识变革是马克思观念形成走向历史唯物主义的逻辑起点,对当代中国的社会建设具有重要的启发价值。

The Critique of Hegel＇s Philosophy of Right is written while Marx was working for Rheinische Zeitung and confronted with ideological plight. When Marx realized the nature of Hegel＇ s Rational State Theory that he respected was in conflict with social existence, he refuted the Constitutional Law of Hegel＇ s Law philosophy while studying history of state. In the book, Marx inverses the abnormal relationship that state＇ s political philosophy produces real civil society. His refutation for the first time subverted and innovat- ed the relationship between the existence and nature in the traditional metaphysics. He drew an original con- clusion that abstract political state depends on civil society. He points out only through practicing the ＂real democracy＂ in the development of civil society, can the realistic contradiction between civil society and political state be overcome and the two be unified. This subversive cognition was the logical starting point of Marxism turning to historical materialism. It is of great significance in inspiring the contemporary Chinese societal construction.