基于社会网络分析的社区治安模式比较研究——以北京市朝阳区为例

A comparative study on the traditional mode and the cooperative mode of community policing based on social network analysis——a case study of Chaoyang District

基于对北京市朝阳区社区治安发展历程和现状的研究,构建了朝阳区社区治安的传统模式与协同模式,并利用社会网络分析方法从整体网络、中心性、结构洞等维度对两种模式进行了分析比较。其中整体网络和中心性分析的结果表明,协同模式能够提升治安网络凝聚力,增强社区治安网络沟通的有效性,以及避免资源和责任的过度集中。但是从结构洞角度的分析发现,尽管协同模式在一定程度上缩小了社区居委会与其他行动者之间的限制度差距,社区居委会仍占据着治安网络的结构洞位置,这揭示了社区治安网络中居委会角色的错位。因此,未来在社区治安模式探索中,应当继续培育并发展居民自治力量,建立并拓宽各行动者之间有效沟通的渠道,规范和明确居委会的权责及其与其他组织的关系,以提升社区治安的治理能力和效率,实现基层社会的现代化治理。

Based on the research on the development history and current situation of community policing in Chaoyang Dis- trict, this paper builds two community policing modes consisting of traditional mode and cooperative mode and compares the two modes from the perspective of whole network, network centrality and structural hole, using social network analy- sis method. The results of whole network and network centrality analysis show that cooperative mode can effectively en- hance the policing network cohesion, promote the effectiveness of communication of the community policing networks and avoid over-concentration of resources and responsibilities. However, study on the aspect of structural hole informs that the residents＂ committee still holds the structural hole position in community policing network, which indicates the disloca- tion of the role of residents＇ committees in community policing networks, while cooperative mode can narrow the gap of constraint between residents＂ committees and other actors to a certain degree. Therefore, the government should cultivate and develop the autonomy of residents, establish and broaden the channels of effective communication among different ac- tors, standardize and clarify the rights and responsibilities of residents＂ committees as well as their relationship with other organizations in the future exploration of community policing mode for the sake of the governance capacity and efficiency of community policing being improved and modern governance of grassroots society being achieved.