康德著作中Erscheinung、Phaenomenon(Ph?nomen)、Schein中译考——兼论“像”、“象”、“相”用作译词

Exploration on the History of Chinese Translation of Kant's Erscheinung, Phaenomenon(Ph?omen) and Schein

Erscheinung、phaenomenon(Ph?nomen)、Schein是康德哲学中的重要概念。Erscheinung、phaenomenon(Ph?nomen)以及相关的英译词appearance、phenomenon从20世纪初起就一直被稳定地译为"现象",但最新的一些译自德文的康德著作中译本中,出现了"显象"、"现相"等多种译法。而Schein及其英译词illusion译法一直不太稳定,目前的译法一般是"幻相"和"假象"。中译中出现的"像"、"象"和"相"三个字在汉语中确实容易混淆。我们究竟该如何翻译这些词?通过考察历史文献、康德原著以及相关汉字的用法可初步得出结论:康德批判哲学中的phaenomenon(Ph?nomen)一般应译为"现象",Erscheinung可译为"显象",Schein似应译为"假象"。

Erscheinung, Phaenomenon(Ph?nomen) and Schein are three important concepts in Kant's Philosophy. Though Erscheinung, phaenomenon(Ph?nomen)and their English translations, ie. appearance and phenomenon were used to be translated into Xianxiang(现象) in Chinese from the beginning of 20 th century. Now there are some new translations based on Kant's original works, such as two different Xianxiangs(显象& 现相), which are same in pronunciation yet different in meanings. On the contrary, Schein and its English translation' illusion' have always been translated into Huanxiang( 幻相) and Jiaxiang( 假象).What are the correct ways to translate them into Chinese then? Even among most native Chinesethere is always confusion with these three Xiangs( 3 different Chinese Characters 像,象and 相, which are same in pronunciation yet different in meanings). This paper attempts to answer the question by exploring some historical texts, namely Kant's works and the practical usage of the three different Xiangs(像, 象and 相) inChinese. As a tentative conclusion, phaenomenon(Ph?nomen)should be translated into Xianxiang(现象),Erscheinung into Xianxiang( 显象) and Schein into Jiaxiang(假象).