从道德体验到关怀照料:医学人文的理论与实践路径

From Moral Experience to Care giving: the Theoretical and Practical Paths of Medical Humanities

当下医学人文教育大多集中于道德层面的呼吁,缺少落实到医学场域和日常生活实践的具体指导理论和可行方式。通过凯博文(Arthur Kleinman)提出的"照料"概念回溯社会科学的发展轨迹,指出社会科学的终极目标是回应社会苦难,为社会苦难提供照料,而此种对社会苦难的道德体验的强调不仅为当下的医学人文教育提供了理论基础,同时"照料作为一种对社会苦难的道德体验"和"照料作为一种互惠"也为医学人文教育的实践指明了方向,也符合当前国家和政府提出"大健康"理念的发展思路。

Most of the current medical humanities education focuses on the moral aspects without good theoreti- cal basis and specific practices on the medical institution and daily life. The article dates back to the origins of Social Science based on the concept＂ caregiving＂ put forward by the medical anthropologist Arthur Kleinman, and states that the ultimate purpose of Social Science is to make response to the social suffering and provide caregiving for it. Caregiving as moral experience is response to social suffering and attracts much importance, because it pro-vides both the theoretical basis and practical means for the current medical humanities education. Its characteristics of ＂caregiving as moral experience to social suffering＂ and ＂caregiving as reciprocity＂ meet the demands of current notion of Big health in China.