职业放贷人法律规制研究——兼评《非存款类放贷组织条例(征求意见稿)》

Research on Legal Regulation of the Professional Lenders——Comment on 《Non Deposit Lending Organization Ordinance(Draft) 》

职业放贷人是指以盈利为目的,不吸收公众存款,仅使用自有资金、经常性地经营放贷业务的主体.其与小额贷款公司、非存款类贷款组织等概念具有交叉性.对职业放贷人的规制理念应当是将放贷人作为一种重要的民间金融活动,是正规金融的有益补充,不应当压抑民间放贷活动,而是为符合法律准入条件的放贷活动提供安全保障,鼓励民间职业放贷人获得合法身份.对职业放贷人的规制重点是债权人的不合法索债行为、对债务人构成压迫的行为,而不是放贷组织的风险管理和审慎经营行为.

Professional lenders are those who frequently operate the lending business not only by absorbing public deposits, but also using their own funds. It has the characteristics of small loan companies and non-deposit lending organizations. The professional lenders should be considered to be a kind of important informal financial activities, which is a useful complement to formal finance. Private lending should not be suppressed, but be encouraged. Government should provide security for the qualified lending activities to encourage private lenders to obtain legal status occupation. The key of legal regulation is to prevent illegal debt-claim behavior.