上海市普陀区监测点医院急性呼吸道感染监测结果分析

Monitoring results analysis on acute respiratory infections monitoring point hospital in Putuo District of Shanghai

目的了解上海市普陀区监测点医院急性呼吸道感染的病原谱特征和流行病学特征,为完善呼吸道传染病防控策略和措施提供依据。方法收集2014年11月1日至2016年3月31日于普陀区急性呼吸道感染监测点医疗机构发热门诊就诊的急性呼吸道感染病例的相关流行病学信息。采用间隔采样(5:1)方法对监测对象的鼻咽拭子标本进行病原学检测。对监测点急性呼吸道感染的流行特征、病原学检测情况进行分析。结果共登记2 630例病例,就诊高峰在冬春季及夏季。共采集533例病例的标本,检出阳性病例407例,阳性率为76.36%。共检出菌毒株514株,其中病毒株占70.33%,细菌株占29.77%;检出率前5位的病原体分别为流感病毒、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鼻/肠病毒和腺病毒。不同年龄组的病毒检出率不同(P<0.05),有咳嗽症状者总阳性率和病毒检出率均高于无咳嗽症状者(P<0.05)。结论流感病毒感染是普陀区监测点医院急性呼吸道感染的主因,应重点关注流感的防控,在流行季节,应警惕聚集性疫情的发生。

Objective To ascertain characteristics of the pathogen spectrum and epidemiology with acute respiratory tract infection at monitoring point hospital of Shanghai,and provide a scientific basis for strategies and measures in prevention and control of the respiratory tract infectious disease. Methods The nasopharyngeal swabs of ARTI patients were collected by interval sampling for pathogen identification,who visited the fever clinic at monitoring point hospital from November 2014 to March 2016. The epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic detection of acute respiratory tract infection were analyzed.Results A total of 2 630 ILI cases were registered in this study,peaking in spring,summer and winter.There were 407 positive cases that were detected among 533 nasopharyngeal swabs, accounting for76. 36%. The top five isolating rates of the strains were influenza virus,klebsiella pneumoniae,staphylococcus aureus,nasal/enteric virus and adenovirus. The virus detection rate of different age groups was different（P〈0. 05）. The total positive rate and virus detection rate of those who had cough were higher than those without cough symptoms（P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Influenza virus infection proves to be the main cause of acute respiratory tract infection in Putuo District. Thus more attention and prevention and control measures should be strengthened with influenza. In the peak season,it is necessary to take measures to prevent aggregation epidemic of respiratory virus.