环境水体中违禁药物的分析方法

Analytical methods for illicit drugs in environmental waters

违禁药物(Illicit Drugs)是一大类对人类中枢神经系统具有强烈兴奋作用或抑制作用的化合物.随着人类对其滥用趋势的增加,这类化合物及其代谢产物被持续不断地排入环境介质中,对人类健康造成了潜在的危害.为了更好地开展对环境中违禁药物的研究,本文对目前环境水体中违禁药物的分析方法进行了较详细的总结和评述,简述了对环境中违禁药物的发现、研究历史,介绍了常见违禁药物的种类和分析方法,分析了目前较常采用的样品预处理方法对后续分析结果准确度的影响,列举了各种色谱-质谱联机测定方法对常见违禁药物的分析结果和测定条件,指出液相色谱-串联质谱技术(LC-MS/MS)将成为违禁药物及其代谢物的首选检测分析方法,并且为其他痕量环境污染物的分析提供了参考.

Illicit drugs are a large group of chemical substances that have strong stimulatory or inhibitory effects on human central nervous system. With the increasing abuse of illicit drugs,these compounds and their metabolites have been continuously discharged into the environment,causing potential hazards to human health. In order to promote research on illicit drugs in the environment,a detailed summary and comments on the analytical methods for typical illicit drugs in environmental samples are provided in this paper. The history of illicit drugs discovered in the environment,the common types of illicit drugs and methods of analysis are introduced. The results and conditions of various chromotography-mass spectrometry methods for the determination of drugs are listed,including sample pretreatment. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS）is proposed to be the preferred method for the analysis of illegal drugs and their metabolites. This review will also provide reference for analysis of other trace pollutants in the environment.