海南省琼海市·万宁市养殖水体浮游藻类群落结构特征

Characteristics of Planktonic Algae Community Structure of Culture Ponds in Qionghai City and Wanning City,Hainan Province

[目的]了解海南省养殖水体浮游藻类的群落结构特征。[方法]于2016年4月选取琼海市、万宁市部分养殖水体,采集浮游藻类样品进行测定。[结果]浮游藻类种类数为68种,隶属于7门57属,绿藻门的种类最丰富,为34种,其次是硅藻门19种。浮游藻类细胞密度为1.01×10~8 cells/L,主要组成为绿藻门、蓝藻门和隐藻门,分别占77.14%、8.80%和8.23%。浮游藻类优势种主要为普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)、尖尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas acuta)、绿色颤藻(Oscillatoria chlorina)等,指示水质状态为α-β-中污染。浮游藻类群落Shannon-Wiener指数在0.05~1.78,平均值为0.72;Pielou均匀度指数在0.02~0.69,平均值为0.28。利用多样性指数评价养殖水体水质处于中污染到重污染的状态。[结论]研究结果为养殖水体浮游微藻调控技术提供了基础数据。

[Objective] To understand the characteristics of planktonic algae community structure of culture ponds.[Method]Investigations were conducted in Qionghai City and Wanning City,Hainan Province in April 2016.[Result]A total of 68 algae species belonging to 57 genera 7 divisions were identified,of which the most abundant were Chlorophyta（ 34 species）,followed by Bacillariophyta（ 19 species）. The average cell density of planktonic algae was 1. 01 × 10~8 cells/L. Chlorophyta,Cyanophyta and Cryptophyta were the major groups and contributed 77. 14%,8. 80%and 8. 23% of total cell density,respectively. The dominant species were Chlorella vulgaris,Oocystis borgei,Chroomonas acuta,Oscillatoria chlorine etc.,which indicated the α-β-ms of water quality. The average of Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index were 0. 72 and0. 28,which fluctuated within the range of 0. 05-1. 78 and 0. 02-0. 69,respectively. The culture ponds were medium-heavy pollution state based on the diversity index assessment.[Conclusion]This study provides basic data for the technology of microalgae ecological management in culture ponds.