中式凉菜多味苦瓜的最佳食用时限研究

The Best Edible Time for Chinese Cold Dish Multi Flavor Bitter Gourd

[目的]研究4℃冷藏时自制凉菜多味苦瓜微生物菌群构成和卫生质量控制技术。[方法]以苦瓜为主料,加入葱、泡红辣椒、豆瓣酱、香醋等调配料经拌匀制成多味苦瓜,分析其细菌数来源。[结果]凉菜中细菌有86.51%来自豆瓣酱,6.98%来自葱,5.30%来自苦瓜,0.92%来自泡红辣椒,对苦瓜、葱、姜进行2 min热烫处理,大蒜进行3 min热烫处理,对泡红辣椒、豆瓣酱进行高压灭菌20 min处理后,减菌率分别为97.5%、99.7%、97.9%、99.9%、99.8%和99.9%。该类食品中的优势菌为假单胞菌和乳酸菌,在4℃放置的保质期由3 d增至5 d,表明其具有应用价值。[结论]研究可为中式凉菜的卫生质量控制提供参考。

[Objective] To study the microflora constitutes of homemade cold dish at 4 ℃ cold storage and the quality control technology of health.[Method] With balsam pear as the main material,adding onions,bubble red pepper,broad bean sauce,vinegar and other seasonings and mixing well to obtain multi tastebitter gourd. Sources of the bacteria number were analyzed.[Result] It indicates that 86. 51% from broad bean sauce,6. 98% from onion,5. 30% from bitter gourd,0. 92% from bubble red pepper,2 minutes heat treatment for bitter gourd,onion and ginger,3 minutes heat treatment for garlic and 20 minutes high pressure sterilization for bubble red pepper and broad bean sauce. Bacteria reduction rate was 97. 5%,99. 7%,97. 9%,99. 9%,99. 8% and 99. 9%. The dominant bacteria were Pseudomonas,and the shelf life was increased from 3 d to5 d at 4 ℃,which indicated that it has applied value.[Conclusion] The study can provide reference for sanitary quality control of Chinese cold dishes.