刺五加注射液对抑郁大鼠学习记忆能力的影响及其作用机制

Effect of acanthopanax senticosus injection on the learning and memory of depression rats and its mechanism

目的探讨刺五加注射液对抑郁模型大鼠学习记忆能力的影响及其作用机制。方法将40只健康Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、正常+刺五加注射液组、抑郁模型组、抑郁+刺五加注射液组。正常组大鼠8只,平分为2笼饲养;正常+刺五加注射液组大鼠10只,也分2笼饲养;抑郁模型组和抑郁+刺五加注射液组大鼠各11只,单笼饲养。抑郁模型制作前,观察各组大鼠体质量变化、糖水消耗量以及旷场实验中行为学情况。抑郁模型制作后第2天,正常+刺五加注射液组、抑郁+刺五加注射液组大鼠腹腔注射刺五加注射液2.5 m L,正常组、抑郁组大鼠给予等量的生理盐水。抑郁模型制作后第22天再次行旷场实验评分,观察大鼠在旷场实验中行为学情况,并进行糖水消耗实验。造模成功后观察并比较各组大鼠Morris水迷宫内的空间学习记忆能力;观察各组大鼠处理后海马组织中总一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)活性的变化并进行比较。结果模型制作前4组大鼠体质量和24 h糖水消耗量比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);模型制作后抑郁组和抑郁+刺五加组大鼠体质量和24 h糖水消耗量均显著低于正常组、正常+刺五加组(P<0.05),抑郁组大鼠体质量和24 h糖水消耗量均显著低于抑郁+刺五加组(P<0.05),正常组和正常+刺五加组大鼠体质量和24 h糖水消耗量比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。模型制作前4组大鼠水平运动次数、垂直运动次数和粪便粒数比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);模型制作后抑郁组大鼠水平运动次数、垂直运动次数均显著低于正常组、正常+刺五加组,粪便粒数显著多于正常组、正常+刺五加组(P<0.05),抑郁+刺五加组大鼠水平运动次数显著低于正常组、正常+刺五加组,高于抑郁组,垂直运动次数显著高于抑郁组(P<0.05)。正常组、正常+刺五加组大鼠前5 d各天逃避潜伏期比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),抑郁组、抑郁+刺五加组大鼠前5 d各天逃避潜伏期显著长于正常组、正常+刺五加组,且抑郁组大鼠逃避潜伏期均显著长于抑郁+刺五加组(P<0.05)。正常组、正常+刺五加组大鼠海马组织中总NOS、i NOS活性显著低于抑郁组和抑郁+刺五加组(P<0.05),抑郁组大鼠海马组织中总NOS和i NOS活性显著高于抑郁+刺五加组(P<0.05),正常组和正常+刺五加组大鼠海马组织中总NOS、i NOS活性比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论刺五加注射液可提高抑郁大鼠的学习记忆能力,其机制可能是通过清除细胞内氧自由基,增加机体超氧化物歧化酶活性,从而起到保护神经元的作用。

Objective To explore of the effect of acanthopanax senticosus injection on the learning and memory of depression rats and its mechanism.Methods Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group （n =8）,normal ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group （n =10）,depression group （n =11）,depression ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group（n =11）.The rats in the normal group and normal ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group were raised in two cages;the rats in the depression group and depression ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group were raised in a single cage.Before establishing the depression model,the changes of body weight,the consumption of sugar and the behavior of open field test of rats in each group were observed.On the second day after modeling,the rats in the normal ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group and depression ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group were injected intraperitoneally acanthopanax senticosus injection 2.5 mL;the rats in the normal group and depression group were injected the same volume physiological saline.The behavior of rats in open field test was observed at the 224 day after modeling;at the same time,the sugar consumption test was performed.The spatial learning and memory ability of rats were observed by Morris water maze test in each group and the results were compared among the four groups.The changes of total nitric oxide synthase （NOS） and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） activity in the hippocampus were observed and compared in each group.Results Before modeling,there were no statistic difference in the body weight and the consumption of sugar in 24 h of rats among the four groups （P 〉 0.05）.After modeling,the body weight and the consumption of sugar in 24 h of rats in the depression group and depression ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group were significantly lower than those in the normal group and normal ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group （P 〈 0.05）;there were no statistic difference in the body weight and the consumption of sugar in 24 h of rats between the normal group and normal ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group （P 〉0.05）.Before modeling,there were no statistic difference in the horizontal movement times,vertical movement times and the number of fecal grains of rats among the four groups （P 〉 0.05）.After modeling,the horizontal movement times,vertical movement times of rats in depression group were significantly lower than those in the normal group and normal ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group （P 〈 0.05）,the number of fecal grains of rats in depression group were significantly higher than those in the normal group and normal ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group （P 〈 0.05）;the horizontal movement times of rats in depression ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group was significantly lower than that in the normal group and normal ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group（P 〈 0.05）;the horizontal movement times and vertical movement times of rats in depression ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group were significantly higher than those in the depression group（P 〈 0.05）.There was no statistic difference in the escape latent period of rats between the normal group and normal ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group at the time from the first day to the fifth day （P 〉 0.05）;the escape latent period of rats in depression group and depression ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group was significantly longer than that in the normal group and normal ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group at the time from the first day to the fifth day（P 〈0.05）;the escape latent period of rats in depression group was significantly longer than that in the depression ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group（P 〈 0.05）.The total activity of NOS and iNOS in hippocampus of rats in normal group and normal ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group was significantly lower than that in the depression group and the depression ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group（P 〈 0.05）;the total activity of NOS and iNOS in hippocampus of rats in depression group was significantly higher than that in the depression ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group（P 〈 0.05）;there was no statistic difference in the total activity of NOS and iNOS in hippocampus of rats between the normal group and normal ＋ acanthopanax senticosus injection group （P 〉 0.05）.Conclusion Acanthopanax senticosus can improve the learning and memory ability of depressed rats,the mechanism may be to protect the neurons by clearing the oxygen radicals in the cells and increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase in the body.