内江地区手足口病肠道病毒核酸检测及流行特征分析

Enterovirus nucleic acid detection and analysis on epidemiologic characteristics of hand-foot-month disease in Neijiang area

目的分析内江地区2014年1月至2015年12月手足口病的病原学特征,为手足口病的预防控制提供病原学依据。方法选取2014年1月至2015年12月临床疑似手足口病685例作为研究对象。采集疑似手足口病患儿发病1周内的疱疹液、咽拭子或肛拭子标本,用实时荧光RT-PCR进行肠道病毒通用型(EV)、柯萨奇病毒A组16型(CoxA16)和肠道病毒71型(EV71)核酸扩增,并分析患儿性别、年龄以及近2年流行时间的分布。结果 685例疑似手足口病中,肠道病毒阳性599例,检出率87.45%(599/685),其中EV71型、CoxA16型、肠道病毒其他型分别占肠道病毒感染阳性的16.53%(99/599)、12.35%(74/599)和71.12%(426/599)。EV71与CoxA16型手足口病的患儿以0~<4岁儿童为主,性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);4-7月与10-11月为该地2个发病高峰。结论对内江地区类似手足口病症状的儿童进行病原学检测,及早发现并治疗,有利于疫情控制及应对突发事件,是降低手足口病死亡率的关键。

Objective To analyze the etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD）in Neijiang area from January 2014 to December 2015 to provide the etiological evidence for the prevention and control of HFMD.Methods A total of 685 cases of clinically suspected HFMD in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were selected as the research subjects.The samples of herpes fluid,pharynx swab or anal swab were collected within one week after HFMD onset.The nucleic acid amplification of universal enterovirus,Coxsackievirus group A type 16（CoxA16）and enterovirus type 71（EV71）were performed by RTPCR,moreover the distribution of children patients′sex,age and epidemic time in the recent two years were analyzed.Results Among 685 cases of suspected HFMD,599 cases were enterovirus positive with the detection rate of 87.45%（599/685）,in which EV71,CoxA16 and other enterovirus types respectively accounted for 16.53%（99/599）,12.35%（74/599）and 71.12%（426/599）of enteroviruas infection positive.The children patients with EV71 and CoxA16 HFMD were dominated by children aged 0-〈4years old.The gender had no statistical difference（P〉0.05）.April to July and October to November were the two peaks of HFMD onset.Conclusion Conducting the etiological detection in children patients with suspected HFMD,early discovery and treatment conduce to the epidemic situation control and response to emergency events,which is a key to reduce the HFMD mortality.