跨流域调水中的生态补偿问题及其建议

Ecological Compensation Issues and Suggestions in Inter-basin Water Transfer Projects

跨流域调水工程已经成为解决地区水资源分布不均问题的重要手段,然而,跨流域调水工程的兴建必然会给生态环境造成影响。为促进水资源的可持续利用和生态环境的协调可持续发展,研究跨流域调水工程中的生态补偿问题具有重要意义。本文分析了5个国外著名跨流域调水工程中生态补偿的成功经验,并根据我国水资源禀赋属性,提出了建立政府主导、市场为补充的生态补偿综合机制,健全生态补偿的法律制度,优先兴建解决水质型缺水问题的跨流域调水工程,建立生态监测评估系统,在工程设计阶段考虑生态补偿,增强全社会的节水环保意识等5个方面的建议,这将为我国跨流域工程规划、设计与运行管理提供借鉴。

The inter-basin water transfer project has become an important solution to the regional uneven distribution of water resources. However,the construction of inter-basin water transfer project inevitably affects the ecological environment. In order to promote the sustainable use of water resources as well as the coordination between sustainable development and ecological environment,it is of great significance to study the ecological compensation issues in inter-basin water transfer project. The successful ecological compensation experience in five well-known foreign inter-basin water transfer projects is summarized. Considering the specific characteristics of water resources in China,a government-led and market-assisted ecological compensation mechanism is proposed. Also,suggestions are made in different aspects,including the development and optimization of the legal system on ecological compensation,priority construction of inter-basin water transfer projects targeted to solve the water shortage due to water quality problem,establishment of the ecological monitoring and evaluation system,consideration of the ecological compensation issue in the engineering design stage,and enhancement of the awareness on water conservation and environmental protection. It could be useful reference to the planning,design and operation management of inter-basin projects in China.