艾滋病患者生存质量与心理健康状况、社会支持的调查研究

Quality of life,mental health and social support of AIDS patients

目的了解艾滋病患者生存质量与人口学特征、心理健康状况和社会支持的关系。方法采用随机抽样方法抽取宝鸡市疾病预防控制中心2011年1月至2016年8月确诊为HIV感染并符合抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病患者为调查对象,收集调查对象的基本信息,用WHO艾滋病生存质量量表(WHOQOL-HLV-BREF)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行调查,采用描述流行病学方法对结果进行分析。结果共对48例艾滋病患者进行调查,以男性为主,占77.08%(37/48);年龄19~61岁,以31~50岁居多,占64.58%(31/48);职业以农民(占47.92%,23/48)和工人(占31.25%,15/48)为主;婚姻状况以有配偶为主,占68.75%(33/48);文化程度以高中(中专)及以下为主,占85.42%(41/48);月均收入以2 000~3 499元为主,占45.83%(22/48);服药时间<3年占47.92%(23/48)。调查对象的社会支持总分为(23.93±1.81)分,抑郁、焦虑和精神病性中度及以上心理问题的检出率依次为68.75%、52.08%、35.42%。精神病性因子得分与生存质量呈负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),人际敏感、敌对和恐怖因子得分只与生存质量的心理领域呈负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。客观支持、社会支持总分与生存质量(心理、精神和总分)呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论艾滋病患者生存质量与心理健康状况和社会支持密切相关,应采取针对性措施,消除艾滋病患者心理问题,加强各种社会支持,不断提高患者的生存质量。

Objective To investigate the relationship between the quality of life, demographic characteristics, mental health and social support of AIDS patients. Methods Patients diagnosed with HIV infection and receiving the antiretroviral therapy （ART） were recruited from January 2011 to August 2016 in Baoji City CDC using random sampling method. Participants were interviewed using the WHO quality of life scale （WHOQOL-HLV-BREF）, AIDS symptom checklist （SCL-90） and social support rating scale （SSRS）. Results A total of 48 patients aged from 19 - 61 years were investigated. Of all the participants, 77.08% （37/48） were males, 64.58% （31/48） were aged 31 - 50 years, 47.92% （23/48 were peasants and 31.25% （15/48） were workers, 68.75% （33/48） were married, 85.42% （41/48） had the educational level at high school （secondary school） or below, 45.83% （22/48） had the average monthly income between 2 000 and 3 499 Yuan, and 47.92% （23/48） received ART less than 3 years. The total score of social support for the respondents was （ 23.93±1.81 ） , and the detection rates of depression, anxiety, and psychotic disorders were 68.75%, 52.08%, and 35.42%, respectively. The score of psychotic factors were negatively correlated with quality of life （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）, and the scores of interpersonal sensitive, hostility and phobia factors were negatively correlated with the psychological domain of the quality of life （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. The scores of objective support and social support were positively correlated with the quality of life （ psychology, spirit and total score） （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The quality of life of patients with MDS was closely related to their psychological health and social support. Pertinent measures should be taken to eliminate the mental problems of AIDS patients and strengthen various social support for the improvement of their quality of life.