17652例健康献血者不规则抗体筛查在临床安全输血中的临床价值研究

The clinical value of irregular antibody screening in clinical safe blood transfusion in 17,652 healthy blood donors

目的分析健康献血者中红细胞不规则抗体的分布情况以及对临床输血中的意义。方法对2015年1月~2017年3月我中心17 652例健康献血者的血样进行不规则抗体筛查,分析不同抗体类型的分布情况以及与性别、年龄、输血史和妊娠史的关系。结果在17 652例健康献血者中共检出不规则抗体血样41例(0.23%),其中男性阳性率(0.16%)显著低于女性(0.32%);≥50岁的阳性率(0.52%)明显高于青、中年人的0.16%和0.24%;少数民族高于汉族;有妊娠史妇女为0.43%,高于未妊娠者的0.16%;有输血史者为0.41%,高于无输血史者的0.20%;以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论女性、≥50岁、少数民族、有妊娠史妇女和有输血史者的阳性率较高,输血前应对血样进行红细胞不规则抗体检测,避免发生输血反应,确保输血的安全。

Objective To analyze the distribution of erythrocyte irregular antibodies in healthy blood donors and its significance in clinical transfusion. Methods A irregular antibody screening was performed on the blood samples of 17,652 healthy blood donors in our center from January 2015 to March 2017. The distribution of different antibody types and its relationship with gender, age, blood transfusion history and pregnancy history were analyzed. Results 41 cases （0.23%） of irregular antibody blood samples were detected in 17, 652 healthy donors. The male positive rate was 0.16%, significantly lower than that of female（0.32%）. The positive rate of ≥ 50 years was 0.52%, significantly higher than 0.16% and 0.24% of the young and middle-aged people. The positive rate of ethnic minorities was higher than the Han nationality. The positive rate of the pregnant women 0.43% was higher than 0.16% of women without pregnancy, and that of people with history of blood transfusion was 0.41%, higher than 0.20% of those without history of blood transfusion. And the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The positive rates of irregular antibod- ies in female, I〉 50 years old, ethnic minorities, women with pregnancy history and a history of blood transfusion are high. Blood samples should be detected for erythrocyte irregular antibodies before blood transfusion, to avoid blood transfusion reaction and ensure the safety of blood transfusion.