从生物考古学角度看山西榆次明清时期平民的两性差异

Gender Differences among the Civilians in the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty in Yuci,Shanxi from the Perspective of Bioarchaeology

对山西榆次出土的明清墓葬中的人骨进行的性别考古学思想指导下的生物考古学研究,发现该人群性别比较大,可能与重男轻女观念和溺婴习俗有关。女性死亡年龄结构中壮年期所占比例较大,可能是围产期死亡所致。古病理学研究发现女性存在缠足,这是首次发现的考古出土的缠足人骨标本。对退行性关节病的统计暗示两性存在明显的分工。这些研究结果与相关历史记载相吻合。

The paper reports a bioarchaeological research w hich w as conducted on human skeletons from tombs of the M ing and the Qing Dynasties excavated in Yuci District,Jinzhong City,Shanxi Province from the perspective of gender archaeology.The high gender ratio w as found in paleodemographical research,w hich may be attributed to the old tradition of son preference and the custom of infanticide.Females’age-at-death structure revealed the relatively high proportion of young adults,w hich may be the result of prenatal mortality.In paleopathological research,specimens of foot-binding w ere found for the first time in archaeological human skeletons in the w orld.The result of paleoepidemiological research on degenerative joint disease indicated labor division betw een the genders.The above results coincided w ith related historical records.