冲击地压、岩爆与矿震的内涵及使用范围研究

Essence and Applied range of Coal Burst, Rock Burst and Mining-induced Seismicity

冲击地压、岩爆、矿震、微震等概念是与矿井动力灾害相关的术语,在使用时存在一定混淆。结合国内外已有研究,从术语的意义、使用范围、灾害孕育环境等角度对冲击地压与其他术语的异同予以分析。研究认为:广义的岩爆包含的范围更大,冲击地压是一种强烈显现的岩爆,一般认为冲击地压造成的破坏要比岩爆更为严重;矿震的主要特征在于矿山工程中发生的震动事件,冲击地压发生时一定伴随有矿震、微震,反之则不成立。总体而言,建议岩爆及冲击地压应区别使用,岩爆主要用于描述硬岩条件下的岩石爆裂现象,而冲击地压主要用于煤矿地下开采中发生的冲击失稳灾害。

Terms like coal burst,rockburst, microseism, etc are associated with mine dynamic disasters, which were not used carefizUy. In the light of existing research at home and abroad,this paper analyzes the similarities and differences between coal burst and other concepts in terms of the their meanings,applications and conceived environment. The results show that： broadly speaking, rock burst contains a larger range. Coal burst is a strongly performed rock burst, and it is generally believed that the impact caused by coal burst is more serious than the rock burst; the main feature of mining-induced seismicity is the occurrence of vibration events in mining engineering, the occurrence of coal burst must be accompanied by mining-induced seismicity, microseism, while otherwise it is not established. In general, it is suggested that rock burst and coal burst should be differentiated. Rock burst is mainly used to describe the burst of rock under hard rock conditions, while coal burst is mainly used for the dynamic instability disaster in the undergound coal mining.