景观生态网络研究进展

Research progress on landscape ecological networks

作为生态学重要的概念与方法,生态网络是景观生态学研究的热点问题,也是耦合景观结构、生态过程和功能的重要途径。景观生态网络对于保护生物多样性、维持生态平衡、增加景观连接度具有重要意义。从景观生态网络的相关理论、研究进展、研究方法模型等进行分析,并对其应用前景进行展望,主要介绍了传统景观格局分析、网络分析、模型模拟等方法的适用性与特点,并分析了景观生态网络在城市景观格局优化、自然保护区规划、生物多样性保护、土地规划等领域的应用,最后提出了研究的主要问题。

The study of ecological networks is a hot topic in the field of landscape ecology, and is an essential concept and method for analyzing landscape patterns and ecological processes. The main purposes for constructing a landscape ecological network are to protect landscape sustainability, maintain ecosystem balance, and increase ecological connectivity. Methods for constructing landscape ecological networks are mainly based on landscape ecology theory, and include pattern analysis, network analysis, spatial analysis, and spatial modeling. The landscape ecological network concept is applied broadly to natural reserve planning, urban landscaping, biodiversity conservation, and land planning. In recent years, the general strategy of biodiversity conservation has gradually shifted from species protection in isolated protected areas to habitat conservation through the construction of landscape ecological networks. At present, the field of landscape ecological network research is developing rapidly with respect to theory, methods, and application, which has already put forth valuable research results. The ecological corridor is used as the main measure of a landscape ecological network to connect landscape patches, eliminate fragmentation of the natural landscape, and achieve the comprehensive protection of biodiversity. Landscape connectivity is an important method of approaching a landscape ecological network, and has great significance for its construction. Connectivity is used to measure the continuity of landscape spatial structural units, focusing on the response to landscape functions. However, the concept of a landscape ecological network has only been recently proposed, and the theoretical system is not yet perfect. Thus, the basic theoretical system should be further improved in the future. In addition, the methods for constructing a landscape ecological network, such as connectivity indicators, explicit models, and evaluation systems, should be further studied to promote the utilization and optimization of landscape ecological networks. In this paper, we review and summarize the theoretical basis, development process, methods, and applications of landscape ecological networks to promote further development in this research field.