美国研究型大学拔尖创新人才培养的经验及启示

The Cultivation of Tip-top Innovative Talents in American Research University: Experience and Enlightenment

美国研究型大学在美国国家创新体系中起着基础性和关键性的作用。19世纪以来,美国研究型大学遵循以服务社会为导向的大学使命,坚持以追求效用为标准的研究传统,强调以创新素质为核心的培养目标,采取标准考试与综合评价并重、核心知识与专业成长结合、教授治校与民主管理联合、课堂教学与学术实践融合、市场机制与团队协作共生、平台搭建与奖励机制并行的方式培养创新人才,形成了较为完善的创新人才培养机制。借鉴美国经验,立足我国实际,推进我国高校科研改革、营造创新人才成长环境、优化创新人才培养机制、深入开展创业教育,是推动我国创新人才培养的现实之需、探索之思和实践之路。

American research university plays a fundamental and critical role in the national innovation system in the United States. Since nineteenth century, the American research university based on the university mission of social services, adhered to the pursuit of utility as the standard of the research tradition, emphasized the innovation quality as the core of the training objectives. The research university took some actions to cultivate innovative talents, such as laying equal stress on standard test and comprehensive evaluation, combining core knowledge with professional knowledge, associating faculty governance with democratic management, integrating teaching and academic practice, coexisting market mechanism and teamwork cooperation, developing platform building and reward mechanism together, so has formed a relatively perfect mechanism of innovative personnel training. We should learn from the experience of the United States based on local practice, to promote the reform of scientific research in colleges and universities, to create growth environment for innovative talents, to optimize the cultivation mechanism of innovative talents, to carry out entrepreneurship education, which are the realistic needs, the exploring ideas and practical paths to promote the cultivation of innovative talents in China.