四川大邑药师岩新发现佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变及相关问题讨论

On the Usnisa Vijaya Dharani Sutra Illustration Discovered in the Yaoshiyan Grottoes in Dayi,Sichuan Province and Relevant Issues

通过与经文及敦煌相关图像的对比,确认大邑药师岩K7-2左侧的经变,应为佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变,其年代为9世纪末至10世纪中叶。该铺经变是从敦煌传入蜀地后,为便于组合与雕刻而产生出的一种新的形式。该经变流传较少,与功能相同、供养简便的尊胜幢的大量流行有关。川渝地区唐末五代至宋初的石窟中有较多尊胜信仰的遗存,这些遗存最重要的功能就是地狱救赎,与其他题材的造像组合出现,构成了现世、死后及来生不同阶段不同信仰需求的有机整体。而与同样担负地狱救赎的地藏信仰相关遗存的共同出现,显示出民众生前、死后均需地狱救赎,以达到地狱救赎"双重保障"的目的。

Through comparison with relevant texts and images from Dunhuang, the illustration on the left side of area K7-2 at the Yaoshiyan Grottoes can be identified as an illustration of the Usnisa Vijaya Dharani Sutra, which dates from between the end of the 9th century and the middle of the 10th century. When the illustration was introduced from Dunhuang, a new form was created to facilitate the combination and engraving of different images. This form of propagation was less popular, however, due to the great popularity of simple stone pillars engraved with the text of the same sutra for the same purpose. Many relics expressing this sutra have been found in caves dating from the end of the Tang dynasty and Five Dynasties to the early Song dynasty in Sichuan and Chongqing, and most often function for the underworld salvation of believers. Combination of the newly found illustrations with images of other themes forms an organic whole that encompasses different beliet~ in different stages of present, past, and future lives. The co-existence of this illustration with archaeological remains associ- ated with Ksitigarbha belief designed for underworld salvation suggests that people needed to be saved before and after death so as to achieve a double security of afterlife salvation.