城市韧性——基于“三度空间下系统的系统”的思考

Urban resilience:a perspective of system of systems in trio spaces

自然、技术和人为灾害给城市的有序运转和城市居民的正常生活带来巨大冲击和损失。城市韧性是城市系统及其各类子系统在受到扰动时维持或迅速恢复其功能,并通过适应来更好地应对未来不确定性的能力。城市韧性概念为城市的防灾减灾提供了新的视角。该文将城市视为一个在物理、社会、信息组成的三度空间下由多个子系统构成的"系统的系统",并以若干子系统及其交互为例来阐述城市韧性的内涵与特征。城市必须进行"韧性管理",只有将有限的资源合理地配置到三度空间下的各个子系统和韧性建设的各个环节,才能在城市的建设和管理中最有效地确保和提升其韧性。

Natural, technical and man-made disasters pose enormous threats on both cities and their citizens worldwide. The concept of ＂urban resilience＂, which is defined as the ability of an urban system and all its constituent sub-systems to maintain the necessary functions during disturbance, rapidly recover in the aftermath of the disturbance, and adapt to uncertainties in the future, brings about a new perspective of understanding disaster prevention and reduction in urban systems. In this paper, the authors propose to view a city as a system of systems in trio spaces （physical, societal and cyber spaces） , and illustrate the connotation and properties of urban resilience using several sub-systems of a city and their interactions as an example. Moreover, the concept of ＂resilience management＂ is proposed, and it is advocated that only by optimal allocation of resources among different sub-systems as well as different phases of resilience （resistance, recovery and adaptation） can urban resilience be ensured and enhanced in the most effective manner.