国内外地震现场建筑物安全鉴定研究的比较

Comparison of post-earthquake emergency assessment researches on building damage and safety in China and overseas

地震现场建筑物安全鉴定是地震现场应急的重要工作之一,国内外均予以了高度重视。为了在现场追求统一、科学和快速的鉴定结果,近些年来安全鉴定的研究工作正从传统的定性判定向定量方法判定过渡。该文对美国、日本、希腊和中国等国家的地震现场建筑物安全鉴定的国家标准、现场工作的实施和量化研究进行了介绍和对比。重点介绍了美国的ATC-20系列标准、日本的安全鉴定指导说明、希腊的安全鉴定程序以及我国的安全鉴定标准的内容和各历史版本的修订,详细阐述了日本、哥伦比亚和我国的安全鉴定量化算法和相应的安全鉴定系统。通过对比总结了国内外安全鉴定标准的不同之处,以及安全鉴定量化算法和系统的异同点。最后归纳得出我国安全鉴定后续研究可借鉴的国外经验,为我国标准的修订和量化算法及系统的改进提供参考。

As one important emergency work, post-earthquake damage and safety assessment of buildings has attracted special attention all over the world. To attain unified, scientific and rapid identification results on site, safety assessment research is changing from qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis in recent years. In this study, the National Standards, implementation and quantitative research of field work for safety assessment of buildings in the United States, Japan, Greece and China, etc., are introduced and compared. The ATC-20 series standards of United States, instructions on post-earthquake damage evaluation of buildings in Japan, the safety assessment procedures in Greece, and the safety assessment standard of China as well as its various revisions are particularly introduced. Furthermore, the quantitative algorithms and the corresponding systems of safety assessment in Japan, Colombia and China are elaborated in details. By comparing those safety assessment standards as well as the similarities and differences of quantitative algorithms and systems of safety assessment in China and some other countries, some successful foreign experiences which can be referred to are summarized, as a further reference for revision of standards and improvements of algorithm and system in China.