青海盐湖钾盐资源开发利用及产业发展

Development and utilization of potash resources of saline lakes in Qinghai province

中国钾盐资源短缺,对外依存度居高不下。柴达木盆地盐湖是中国重要的钾盐资源基地,其钾肥产量(以氯化钾计)占国内总产量87%,对保障国民经济及农业发展所需、平抑国际钾肥价格、转变经济增长方式、建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会,具有重要作用。柴达木盆地第四纪浅部盐湖钾盐资源量有限,强力开发的保障时间不可持续,近年柴达木盆地西部深层富钾卤水勘查发现,埋深350 m以下存在新类型大型卤水钾盐矿床,有望成为中国最大钾肥生产基地察尔汗可靠的后备资源接替区。

Potassium is one of the three essential nutrients for the crop growth and is recognized as the ＂food＂ of food. The potassium source in our country is in shortage, and the degree of dependence on the foreign import is high in all time. Qaidam basin is the important resource base of the potassium, and the potash fertilizer production （Potassium chloride） covers 87% of the total output in China. The potash is important for guaranteeing the need of the national economical and agricultural development, for stabilizing the international potash prices, changing the mode of economic growth, and building a resource conservation and environment friendly society. However, based on the limited resources in the sallow part of the salt lake in the Quaternary period of the Qaidam Basin, and the limited guarantee time, a new type big brine sylvite deposit in the west of Qaidam Basin is found recently under the buried depth of 350 m. This is expected to become the potash replacement area of Qarhan, which is the largest fertilizer production base in China.