国家/国民、国家/民族:国家认同的两个面向

State/Citizen,State/Nation:The Two Dimensions of State Identity

nation这个西语中的概念,翻译为中文,在不同的语境下,可以有国家、国民和民族三种不同的译法,反映了这个概念背后的复杂意涵。国家、民族和国民,无论在欧洲还是中国,都是近代的产物,它们是同时诞生的,具有某种三位一体的性质,同时又充满了内在的冲突与紧张。在近代中国思想史中,梁启超、张君劢和张佛泉的思想最能代表国家与国民、国家与民族之间的紧张性,他们致力于将国家认同与公民权利、政治爱国主义与文化民族主义整合起来的理论上的努力,是至今值得反思的思想遗产。

Nation, a concept introduced from the West, has three different replacements when translated into Chinese: State, Citizen, and Nation. The theoretical implications of these translations in different contexts vary immensely. No matter in Europe or China, State, Nation, and Citizen, born together, these three concepts are all products of modernity and co-exist in a three-in-one structure, while they also create tensions to and conflict with each other. In the intellectual history of early modern China, the inner tensions between the State and Citizens, the State and Nations were developed and represented the most in the case of Liang Qichao, Zhang Foquan, and Zhang Junmai. They all devoted themselves to the theoretical integration of state identity, the rights of all citizens, political patriotism, and cultural nationalism. This intellectual heritage, more than ever, needs to be reflected further.