梁启超的自由观:在国族与个人之间

Liang Qichao's View of Liberty:Between the State and the Individual

在梁启超倡言的"道德革命"中,自由被归为普世公理和西方立国之本。但梁氏以团体自由和心灵自由为其旨的自由观,显然与自由主义之个人本位的权利自由观大异其趣。虽然梁氏具有强烈的亲英主义倾向,但他并没有成为一个自由主义者,而充其量只是一个近似韦伯式的民族自由主义者,而且其民族自由主义随着北美之旅而很快为国家主义和开明专制主义所取代。梁氏之儒家、道家和社会达尔文主义杂糅的自由观,是启蒙时代东西文明激荡的一朵思想浪花。

Liang Qichao classified Liberty as a universal axiom and the foundation of Western countries in his 'moral revolution'. But his concept of liberty, which aimed at group liberty and spiritual liberty, was obviously different from the libertarian view of individual rights. Although Liang had strong tendency of anglomania, he did not become a liberal. He was at most a national liberal as Weber, and his national liberalism was quickly replaced by nationalism and enlightened absolutism after his North American tour. His view of liberty formed a mixture of Confucianism,Taoism and social Darwinism,which is an ideological spray of the East and west civilizations in the age of enlightenment.