加藤弘之与明治日本的国家主义

Kato Hiroyuki and Meiji Japan's Nationalism

本文旨在探讨加藤弘之国家主义思想的特色及其来源,进而揭示一些日本明治时期国家主义思想的源流及其特色。加藤国家主义思想主要有三个来源:一是江户时期形而上学的儒家价值体系解体的影响和儒家特定的政治与伦理秩序在其思想中的残留,二是西方的国家有机体论、进化论、社会达尔文主义与功利主义思想的影响,三是由日本特有的社会与文化土壤形成的日本固有文化传统的影响。加藤通过吸收西方政治思想与理论形成其国家主义思想的过程与日本在遭遇外来世界观时,往往会将这种外来世界观加以日本化的过程相似。

This thesis mainly focuses on the characteristics and the origins of Kato Hiroyuki's nationalism. By this study, some light may be cast over the characteristics of Meiji Japan's nationalism and the routes by which Meiji Japan's nationalism was formed. The author argues that Kato's nationalism came from three origins. One is from the collapse of the Confucian value system during the age of Edo in Japan. Another is the influences of the Western thoughts such as national organism, theory of evolution, social Darwinism and utilitarianism. The third is the influence of indigenous Japanese cultural tradition that was formed in Japan's specific social and cultural environment. Kato's reinterpreting of the Western political thoughts that provided a theoretic basis for his nationalism is quite similar to the process in which alien values was readapted and readjusted to Japan's needs in its history.