宋代至民国时期萧绍平原水生植物与水环境变迁——以湘湖莼菜为例

The Transition of Aquatic Plant and Water Environment in Xiaoshao Plain from Song Dynasty to the Republic of China Period——Case Study of Xiang Lake Brasenia Schreberi

湘湖莼菜对水环境有着比较严格的要求,其产量与质量自宋代以来随着水环境的变化而起伏。北宋修筑湘湖,得益于适宜的水环境,美味莼菜开始出现。元、明两代及至清中前期,莼菜盛名与湘湖秀色相得益彰,形成湘湖独具特色的自然与人文景观。清中期以后湘湖水环境变化显著,莼菜的生产在晚清、民国时期遭遇到困境,野生莼菜几近绝迹。直到20世纪80年代,湘湖莼菜才再次出现,这与当地水环境以及社会经济条件的改善有着密切的关系。

Xiang Lake Brasenia Schreberi is highly strict with water environment. From Song Dynasty,not only the yields but the quality of Xiang Lake Brasenia Schreberi fluctuated with the changing environment of water. The construction of Xiang Lake during the Northern Song Dynasty created appropriate water environment so that the delicious Brasenia Schreberi appeared. From the Yuan Dynasty to the prophase of Qing Dynasty, tasty Brasenia Schreberi and the attractive Xiang Lake scenery complemented with each other,forming a unique landscape which incorporated both natural view and cultural knowledge. However, with the deterioration of water environment after the mid Qing Dynasty, the natural Xiang Lake Brasenia Schreberi encountered serious problems during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China period, almost extinct.It emerged again until 1980's, closely depending on the improvement of both local water environment and socioeconomic circumstances.