碑刻所见蒙元时期全真掌教印章及相关史事研究

The Seal of the Leader of Quanzhen Daoism in Stone Inscriptions in the Mongols

丘处机的汉文印章"玄门演道大宗师之印",见于嵩山崇福宫《蒲察大使索海市诗碑》,证明丘处机开始使用"玄门演道大宗师"称号;元世祖后期至元成宗年间全真掌教张志仙的八思巴字印章"玄门演道大宗师掌教之印",见于大德五年(1301)河南新安县烂柯山《仙人洞题字碑》,是唯一存世的八思巴字全真教印章。这两通碑都刻立于元成宗时期,是全真教经历焚经之厄后的复苏期。刻石的主要目的是强化当地宫观的教派传承史和财产所有权,石上刻全真掌教印,是权威性的象征。

This paper discussed the two seals in steles during the Yuan Dynasty. One belonged to Qiu Chuji, carved in a stele in the Chongfugong Monastery on Mount Songshan, Henan Province, which made clear that Qiu began to use the title Xuanmen Yandao Dazongshi. The other seal belonging to Quanzhen leader Zhang Zhixian, appeared in a stele in 1301 on Mount Lanke, Henan Province. Both steles were created during the revival of the Quanzhen Daoism during Emperor Chengzong Temur＇s Reign, in order to inherit Daoist tradition and property of the monastery with the leader＇s seal serving as symbol of authority.