诗体流变与汉代四言诗的再认识

The Changes of Poem Style and the Four Character-Poems in the Han Dynasty

四言诗在汉代的流变,是汉代诗歌体式研究中一个颇为重要的问题。结合诗体演进来看,两汉四言诗的流变主要表现为:一、汉初在"雅颂"传统的作用下,四言诗创作较之于战国中晚期有着明显的复苏与回升,出现了一些较有影响的诗作;二、在雅正主题的自我约束下,四言诗无论是思想内容还是表现手法,都囿于汉初的模式而无所突破,也不敢有所新变,因而逐渐走向了程式化;三、程式化的结果,一方面使其创作越来越单调、趋同,另一方面,也使得它开始向其他体式融合、渗透,文体互渗与多部类尝试也就成为四言诗流变中的必然之事,并最终走向新变。要之,四言诗在两汉各类诗体的演进当中,并未如前人所说一味衰落、消歇,而是不断地调整、尝试、突破,最终成为汉代诗歌体式的重要方面。

The change of four character-poems is an important issue in the study of poem style in the Han Dynasty. There are three features of the changes of the four character-poems. Firstly, thanks to the influence of the ＂Ya-Song＂ style, there appeared many high quality works in the early Han Dynasty. Secondly, due to the influence of the themes of ＂Ya＂, the four character-poems became more stylization, including both the themes and the forms. Thirdly, as a result of the stylization, the four character-poems tended to be similar, and also transformed though communication with other styles. In a word, the changes of the four character-poems made this kind of poems more prosperous through the adjustment, transformation, and reconstruction.