群际焦虑的因果关系模型与影响变量

Consequences of Intergroup Anxiety and Causal Model

群际焦虑是当个体与外群体交往时,由于担心消极的心理或行为结果,担心被内、外群体成员消极评价而产生的紧张、焦虑甚至敌对等不愉快体验。其中,从群际焦虑的情感结构、认知结构、生理结构出发,探讨了群际焦虑的因果关系模型,以及群际焦虑的前因变量(如人格特质、认知因素、个体经验和情境因素)和结果变量(如情感结果、认知结果、行为结果),并从群际接触、共情、改变认知等视角讨论了群际焦虑的消减问题。有关群际焦虑的研究虽然取得了一定的成果,但仍然有进一步拓展的空间,今后的研究需要在深入探索群际焦虑的概念和结构、焦虑产生的内部机制和群际焦虑的调节因素等方面做出更为细致、微观的解析,同时还可以从拓展群际焦虑研究方法等方面进行深化。

Intergroup anxiety is a type of anxiety that people experience when anticipating or engaging in intergroup interaction. It has both state anxiety and trait anxiety. Intergroup anxiety is comprised of three interrelated components an affective component, a cognitive component, and a physiological component. It also includes four basic categories of antecedents personality traits, attitudes, personal experiences, and situational factors. The consequences of intergroup anxiety consist of cognitive outcomes, affective outcomes, and behavioral outcomes. This paper reviews the studies of intergroup anxiety in the context of a causal model that specifies the categories of antecedents and consequences of intergroup anxiety. The majority of the studies that have examined the ways of reducing intergroup anxiety by intergroup contact, empathy, promoting group malleability and changing beliefs. Future research should focus on the effect of different level of intergroup anxiety, context situation, and individual characteristics. Meanwhile, potential mediators, intervention, and cross-cultural study should be also considered.