道家快乐观中的真俗之辨

Discrimination of True Happiness and Secular Happiness in Taoism

现有研究未对道家的真乐和俗乐加以区分,导致得出道家否定人生幸福的错误结论,故有必要厘清真乐和俗乐两者的区别和联系。道家真乐是指依靠内在精神自我激发而引起的快乐,俗乐是指由外部的物质或精神因素刺激而产生的快乐,两者构成价值上的对立,但在现实中共存。以真乐为人生目标能促使人的物质欲望提升为精神追求,最终达到与道合一的至乐境界,这是一个使人生趋于圆满、社会趋于和谐的精神修养过程。因此道家认为真乐优于俗乐,是具有真正价值的人生快乐。

The current study didn＇t distinguish true happiness and secular happiness of Taoism. This leads to wrong conclu-sion that Taoism negates life happiness. So it is necessary to clarify the difference and relation between true happiness and secular happiness. True happiness is caused by the self- stimulation of the inner spirit. And secular happiness is stimulated by ex-ternal physical or spiritual factors. True happiness and secular happiness constitute the opposite of value, but coexist in reality.The life goal of true happiness can promote material desires to the spiritual pursuit. That true happiness is the purpose of lifecan promote the material desire to the spiritual pursuit, and ultimately achieve the highest happiness. This is a spiritual accom-plishment that makes life more complete and society more harmonious. So the Taoism believes that true happiness which is thereal value of life happiness is better than secular happiness.