明代志怪小说编纂的动机与体例初探

A Primary Discussion on the Motivation and Styles of Supernatural Tales Compilation in the Ming Dynasty

明代中后期迎来了文言小说汇编的兴盛局面,其中专收及兼收志怪小说的总集、类书、丛书就有约八十种。这些志怪集汇编者的主体是士阶层,其编纂动机体现了鲜明的士人主体性特征,如将志怪纳入格物、求道、致用的大框架;博异考证,探究未知领域;立象以寄意,托物以矩俗等。其动机的践行,一定程度上依靠所选择的类书体、主题分类体、编年体、分类与编年混合体等编纂体例。明代志怪小说汇编的文本特质与中叶以后复古思潮的盛行、西学的传入、士风的转变等因素都有着密切的关系。

The compilation of classical Chinese fictions grows vigorously in the mid-late Ming Dynasty., and there are ap-proximately eighty kinds of anthologies that specially or partly collecting supernatural tales. Most of the authors are intellectu-als and their compiling motivation tends to demonstrate distinct characteristics of intellectuals~ subjectivity, for example, tobring gods and spirits into the framework of researching for nature, seeking Tao and serving for reality, to verify wide range ofdifferences and explore terra ineognita, to express profound meaning and lead social customs through images, and so on. In or-der to implement their motivation, they adopt the following compilation styles： class books, subject classification, chronologi-cal, the mixture of subject classification and chronological and so on. The phenomenon of massive compilation of the fictions inMing Dynasty, is closely related to the prevalence of classical intellectual movement, the introduction of Western learning andthe transformation of the intellectuals＇ ethos since the middle Ming Dynasty.