测墒补灌与氮肥运筹对小麦品种水分利用的影响

Effect of Measuring Irrigation and Nitrogen Planning Management on Water Use of Wheat Varieties

为探明不同小麦品种对水分条件的响应,以矮抗58和周麦18为材料,在通许县开展了壤质潮土测墒灌溉与氮肥运筹配合对小麦水分利用的影响研究。结果表明,小麦分蘖-返青期(11月15日-2月15日)耗水比例较低,其中重度胁迫和充分灌溉处理矮抗58高于周麦18,轻度胁迫处理则低于周麦18;返青-抽穗期(2月15日-4月15日)耗水明显增加,矮抗58高于周麦18;抽穗-成熟期(4月15日-6月10日)品种间差别较小。矮抗58总体耗水量较周麦18略高,轻度胁迫有利于降低耗水量,其中矮抗58轻度胁迫处理与充分灌溉处理相比耗水量减少18.89~104.45 mm,周麦18则减少10.57~53.22 mm,但周麦18拔节+灌浆和返青-拔节+扬花2次追肥两处理分别增加11.26,30.45 mm。矮抗58的水分利用效率,除了重度胁迫返青-拔节+扬花2次追肥处理和充分灌溉不追肥处理外,均高于周麦18,重度胁迫时提高0.49~3.08 kg/(mm·hm^2),充分灌溉时提高0.23~2.82 kg/(mm·hm^2),轻度胁迫时提高1.26~3.27kg/(mm·hm^2)。矮抗58以扬花-灌浆1次追肥和拔节期+灌浆期2次追肥效果较好;周麦18则以返青-拔节+扬花2次追肥和返青-拔节1次追肥效果较好。说明不同小麦品种间控水时间和施肥时间有一定的差异。

In order to explore the effect of water conditions on wheat varieties, the experiment was conducted to study the effects of measuring irrigation and nitrogen planning management on wheat varieties in loamy soil in Tongxu county, with Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 18. The main results showed the proportion of water consumption was lower during the tiller stage to the green period from Nov.12 to Feb.15, and which of Aikang 58 was higher than that of Zhoumai 18 under severe stress and full irrigation condition, and lower under mild stress condition. The water consumption increased significantly during the green period to the heading stage from Feb.15 to Apr. 15, which of Aikang 58 under three kinds of water and nitrogen planning management conditions was higher than that of Zhoumai 18. Their water consumption also preliminary increased significantly during the heading stage to the mature stage from Apr. 15 to Jun. 10, but it had relatively little difference between 2 species. However, the total water consumption of Aikang 58 was slightly higher than that of Zhoumai 18, the water consumption could be reduced by the water and nitrogen planning management under mild stress condition, which of Aikang 58 was reduced 18.89 mm to 104.45 mm respectively than that of corresponding treatments under full irrigation, and that of Zhoumai 18 reduced 10.57 mm to 53.22 mm respectively, except the treatments of jointing stage plus filling stage and returning green stage plus flowering stage increased 11.26,30.45 mm. The water use efficiency of Aikang 58 was higher than that of Zhoumai 18 under different water and nitrogen planning management condition, which was increased 0.49 kg/（mm·ha） to 3.08 kg/（mm·ha） under severe stress, and increased 0.23 kg/（mm·ha） to 2.82 kg/（mm·ha） under full irrigation, and increased 1.26 kg/（mm·ha）to 3.27 kg/（mm·ha） under mild stress. However, the best treatments of Aikang 58 were the stage topdressing once in flowering to filling stage and twice in jointing plus filling stage, but the best ones for Zhoumai 18 were green-jointing plus flowering stage or returning green to jointing stage, so the control time of water and nitrogen topdressing had a difference between varieties.